When a child struggles to follow instructions, confuses words that have similar sounds, or seems distracted in loud places, parents might wonder if hearing loss is the problem. However, in certain instances, the problem might not lie with the ears themselves, but rather with a condition known as auditory processing disorder (APD), which affects the way the brain processes sound.
Although hearing loss and Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) frequently present with similar signs, they are distinct conditions that necessitate unique assessments and treatments. In this article, we will explore the key differences to help you give your child the support they require.
What is Hearing Loss?
Hearing loss refers to a reduced ability to sense sound, usually a result of problems in the outer, middle, or inner ear.
There are three main kinds:
- Conductive hearing loss: Happens due to obstructions or damage in the outer or middle ear, such as ear infections or accumulation of earwax
- Sensorineural hearing loss: Happens when there is damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, which is typically triggered by factors such as aging, exposure to loud noise, or genetic predisposition
- Mixed hearing loss: A mix of conductive and sensorineural types
Physicians usually make a diagnosis via standard hearing assessments like audiograms, otoacoustic emissions, or auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing. If a child has hearing loss, the issue lies in their ability to detect sound in the first place.
What Does Auditory Processing Disorder Mean?
In contrast, APD is not related to hearing difficulties, but instead a neurological problem that impacts the brain’s ability to process and comprehend auditory information. Children with Auditory Processing Disorder may have normal hearing, but they struggle to interpret and comprehend the sounds they hear.
It’s often described as “hearing but not understanding.”
Some common challenges include:
- Difficulty understanding and carrying out verbal instructions involving multiple steps
- Difficulty distinguishing similar sounds or words
- Having difficulty focusing in noisy settings (such as schools or busy eateries)
- Misunderstanding jokes, sarcasm, or figurative language
A standard hearing exam may reveal no issues because the ears are working normally. But that doesn’t mean everything is functioning as it should. In Auditory Processing Disorder, the problem occurs not with hearing the sound itself, but rather with how the brain interprets and processes the sound after it has been sensed.
How Testing and Diagnosis Differ
To diagnose hearing loss, audiologists use conventional hearing tests that assess sound detection. Diagnosing APD, however, requires specialized testing that goes beyond detecting sound.
Evaluations frequently involve a multidisciplinary team, including:
- An audiologist to evaluate auditory processing abilities
- A speech-language pathologist to evaluate language comprehension and communication
- A psychologist to rule out attention or learning differences that might look similar to APD
Approaches for Treatment and Assistance
If your child is diagnosed with hearing loss, treatment may include:
- Hearing aids
- Cochlear implants
- Assistive listening devices
- Medical or surgical interventions
Assistance for Children with APD Diagnosis Usually Includes:
- Speech-language therapy
- Classroom accommodations (e.g., seating changes, written directions)
- Environmental modifications to reduce background noise
- Auditory processing therapy
APD vs. Hearing Loss: Concluding Thoughts
It’s important to distinguish between hearing loss and auditory processing disorder in order to provide your child with the most effective assistance and accommodations. If your child appears to have difficulty with listening in spite of having a normal hearing test, continue to explore further. The real issue might only be identified by more in-depth assessments. With the correct diagnosis and individualized treatment plan, children with either condition can do well in the classroom, at home, and beyond.
Contact us to learn more
Sources:.
About Hearing Loss in Children|Hearing Loss in Children|CDC.
Auditory processing disorder (APD)– Symptoms and causes– Mayo Clinic.
Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss: Key Differences.
Understanding the Differences: Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss|Hearing.
Associates of Las Vegas.
Auditory Processing Disorder (for Parents)|Nemours KidsHealth.